OldProblem,NewApproaches      Whilecleanenergyisincreas...

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Old Problem, New Approaches

       While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warning will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放) peak. So even if emission were to begin decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.

       When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: “there is no ‘one-size fit all’ adaptation.” Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.

      Around the world people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries, Floods have some more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that server as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipment with solar panels and other communication facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity (连体) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff people how to make floating gardens fish ponds prevent starvation during the wet season.

Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries, Fllods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mobammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schoods, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating conmetivity(连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.

Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang. Nophel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(*川)there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspiration come from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves. Nophel calculates that he has stored about 200, 000m3  of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norhel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.

Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.

In Peni, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear, But the World Bank has included the project on its of ‘100 ideas to save the planet”.

More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allows him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense, But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.

Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in the way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.

underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies        .

A. adaptation is an ever-changing process                    B. the cost of adaptation varies with time

C. global warming affects adaptation forms                  D. adaptation to climate change is challenging

is special with regard to Rezwan’s project?

A. The project receives government support.                B. Different organizations work with each other.

C. His organization makes the best of a bad situation.    D. The project connects flooded roads and highways.

did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?

A. Storing ice for future use.                                      B. Protecting the glaciers from melting.

C. Changing the irrigation time.                                   D. Postponing the melting of the glaciers.

do we learn from the Peru example?

A. White paint is usually safe for buildings.                   B. The global warming tread cannot be stopped.

C. This country is heating up too quickly.                            D. Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.

rding to the author, polluting industries should       .

A. adapt to carbon pollution                                        B. plant highly profitable crops

C. leave carbon emission alone                                    D. fight against carbon pollution

’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming?

A. setting up a new standard.                                      B. Reducing carbon emission.

C. Adapting to climate change.                                    D. Monitoring polluting industries.

【回答】

【*】65. A  66. C  67. A  68.D  69.D  70. B

66. C 细节理解题。根据第四段“Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.”可知，Rezwan会从危机中看到机遇，会充分利用现有条件。

67. A 细节理解题。根据第五段“Norphel’s inspiration come from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. ”可知，把*川融化后的水储存起来以备不时之需，是减少气候变暖危害的方法之一。

70. B推理判断题。根据最后一段“But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.”可知，作者认为，最合理的方法仍然是减少二氧化碳的排放。

【名师点睛】

词义猜测技巧

1、根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测

有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：

Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.

句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即“退火”。

根据同位关系进行猜测

阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：

They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.

同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了castle 的确切词义，即古时候的“城堡”。

We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.— this week.

两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的意思。

The “Chunnel”, a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France, is now complete.

此句中a tunnel connecting England and France是Chunnel的同位语。因此，The “Chunnel”就是英法之间的海底隧道。

3、根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测

在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：

“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,” Anaclerio said, “and they’re very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.”

文中interactive是由前缀inter-(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)而构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。

Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred?

possibility 是 possible 的同根名词， 据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能*”。

4、根据因果关系进行猜测

在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如：

The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.

从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久的”。

5、根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测

文章中的代词it, that, he, him 或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找;也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。例如：

Like Schmid, the editors of several self-published art magazines also champion (捍卫) found photographs. One of them, called simply Found, was born one snowy night in Chicago, when Davy Rothbard returned to his car to find under his wiper(雨刷) an angry note intended for someone else: “Why’s your car HERE at HER place?”

them指的是前面出现的self-published art magazines。

6、根据同义关系进行猜测

当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，由此可推知其大致意思。

7、根据转折或对比关系进行猜测

根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：

A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.

从前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle和a basket of fun肯定是近乎相反的意义。所以不难判断hassle的意思是“困难，麻烦”。

考点：环保类短文阅读

知识点：科普环保类阅读

题型：阅读理解